Coke-oven.



L. L. SUMMERS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLlcAlow man MAY 22. 1914.

Patented Oct. 5, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

L. L. SUMMERS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9I4.

Patented Oct. 5, 1915 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ZEELAND L. SUMMERS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

COKE-OVEN.

aisance.

Application iled May 22, 1914.

To all whom may concern.'

Be it known that I, LELAND L. Spaniens, a citizen of the United States,residing in Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, of which thefollowing is a specification. l

The object of my invention isto provide an improved coke oven ofthegeneral type shown in my prior Letters Patent No. 943,610 of December14th, 1909, in which carbonaceous material is fed to a horizontal retortat one end and conveyed through the retortby means of aY reciprocatingiioor, the treated material being discharged at the other end of theretort.

Among the features of construction and operation is the provision ofmeans for causing the compression produced within the retort by theoperation of the conveyer iioor to bemore uniformly transmitted throughthe material to the walls of the retort, andl also the provision ofmeans for distributingthe heat throughout the material in the retort soas to produce a more uniform plastic or semi-plastic condition in thematerial so that when compressionis applied the plastic or semi-plasticportion of the material may be more readily7 subjected to thiscompression in a more uniform manner. In order to accomplishthis'result, I construct my retort with side walls and sub-'divide theretort by means of intermediate Walls, the side and intermediate Wallsbeing provided with heating ducts, as is also the arch or roof of theretort.

In the drawings, Figure l shows a longitudinal section of myapparatus.Fig. 2 is atransverse section on the line. 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a planview of\a portion of the retort at the charging end thereof.

While I have illustrated in detail structures embodying my invention, itwill be obvious that the particular form shown may be varied withoutdeparting from my invention.

Referring to Fig. 2, A represents the longitudinal side walls of ahorizontal retort, these retorts being built in groups, or batteries, asmay be desired. Each retort is sub-dividedy by one or more longitudinalpartition walls C, which preferably are of lighter .construction thanthe side walls, thus dividing the retort into a number of cellsextending throughout the length of the retort. Along the side walls arearranged a Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. 5, MM5.

sel-iai no. 840,171.

series of tiles l formed with heating ducts B extending the length ofthe retort and the partition walls C are likewise provided withlongitudinally extending heating duct-s C. The arch or roof of theretort, which is supported by the side walls and the intermediate walls,is formed of tiles B3 also provided with longitudinally extendingheating ducts Bt. `lvithin each cell of the retortwis arranged alongitudinally movable floor D which is of tire resisting material, andthis floor is provided upon its under side with tracks D3 which travelupon anti-friction rollers D" mounted in suitable bearings D5 fixed inthe foundation. Along each edge of the floor is arranged a downwardlyextending lip D, which extends into a channel D2 which runslongitudinally of the retort at the lower portion of theside wallbeneath the floor. A cooling pipe D may be placed beneath this channelif so desired. The fioors D3 of each retort are connected at thecharging end of the retort by a cross head E, and this cross head issuitably connected to the hydraulic rain F, so that a single ram F willoperate the floors of all the cells of a single retort. The carbonaceousmaterial is fed to the reciprocating floor from the bin H and isdischarged into a suitable discharging chamber I, as is more fullydescribed in my patent hereinbefore referred to, that is to say portionsof fresh material are charged into the oven upon the forward movement ofthe reciprocating floor as described in this patent.

G indicates the pipe adjacent the chargl ing end of the retort forwithdrawing the products of distillation which are passed 4through thehydraulic main G', which Ais of the ordinary and well knownconstruction. It is obvious that the pipe G may be arranged so as towithdraw the products of distillation from any desired point in theretort.

L represents the regenerator and L the regenerator valve arranged as isusual.

Generally speaking, the operation of feeding carbonaceous material tothe retort is as described in my prior patent. The material which isreceived upon the floor D from thc coal bin H is moved into the retortby the reciprocating iioor as the iioor is advanced into the retort bythe ram F. When the fioor is drawn outward, the material within the\retort is prevented from moving .outward by means of the strippercomprising the outer wall of the coal bin, the action of this stripperbeing to restrain the coal from -moving with the floor, thus causing thefloor to be withdrawn from the retort while the coal is prevented frombeing so withdrawn. This causes a pressure to be exerted on the materialinthe retort dtending to move it backward.

' sures vto act upon the material on the conveyer floor within theretort. In order to ',-have this pressure on the portion most effectivein modifying the physicalcharacter- 'istics of the material, thematerial should be j j heated to a plastic or semi-plastic condition asuniformly as possible. As iswell known, this plastic condition occursduring the earlier stages of the coking operation. In

.order that this plastic condition may be brought about .as uniformly aspossible, the intermediate partition walls are provided with heatingducts as before described, as

i are also the side walls of the retort so that the material within theretort is heated not j only from the sides and top but also the heat isradiated to the material from within the body of the material by theintermediate partition walls. As this material is being carried byseparate compressing floors and as these floors are connected togetheroutside Vthe retort so as to be simultaneously operated on, thecompression of the material occurs simultaneously and equally at allpoints along the heating ducts and the presv sures on each side-of theintermediate walls are balanced and the ducts are not disturbed norimperiled by the exceedingly heavy pressures due to the compression.Owing to the fact that the pressures are thus equalized, theintermediate walls may be made light enough in construction to quicklyand effectively transmit the heat to the material so 'that uniformity ofheat may be attained and the material caused to assume a plastic orsemi-plastic condition due to this distribution of heat. As the fioorsof the retort extend throughout the length thereof and carry thematerial from the charge end to the discharge end, the retort is alwaysfilled with carbonaceous material and the heating ducts are, therefore,subjected to a uniform and balanced pressure and support throughout theretort.

The lip D along the lower edge of the floors of the retort preventsleakage of the carbonaceous materialwhieh would tend to bind and preventthe free movement of the floor backward and forward. The lips extendinginto the channel or groove D? guide the floor without binding on thewalls o'r l external surface is in contact with the cooler carbonaceousmaterial within the retort there is produced an unequal heating effectupon the refractory material comprised in the side walls andintermediate walls of the retort This unequal heating effect causesunequal expansion tending to crack the refractory material 'forming theducts so that if the tiles of refractory material are made solid.l it is.diflicult to maintain them gas tight, which is an essential thing in aby-product retort. a

In order to provide as far as possible for the equal heating of therefractory material in which the ducts are formed and for the properexpansion thereof, I preferably make the tiles of lrefractory materialof the general shape indicated at B in the drawing Fig. 2, that is tosay, each tile is formed with ay portion of a duct on its opposite sidesso that each tile forms a partof two ducts. These tiles may thus bedescribed generally as H shaped. In internally heating circular orelliptical ducts, the tendency of the material is to .expand most at thepoint of highest temperature and as this point of highest temperature ison the internal surface of the` duct the greater expansion is at thepoint of the shorter radius and hence theexternal radius has a tendencyto crack as it is not heated to the temperature of the internal radius.

It will be noted that tiles of .refractory material are provided withribs B2 which engage corresponding grooves in the adja Y cent tile, thusforming an interlocking con# nection between the adjacent tiles and atthe same time permitting the adjustment of the tiles to compensate forunequal expan-A sion. In the design as shown the refractory ,material ispractically heated externally from both sides at its thinnest portion sothat the equivalent of the external surface of the tile isv subjected tothe. highest temperature instead of the internal surface as would be thecase if the tile were composed of a single block heated internally. Thegeneral effect of the heating of the block as shown is, therefore, toheat' the two sides of the refractory material .and cause the expansionto take place more uniformly inward toward the retort cells in whichdirection the blocks are free to expand. As the blocks are thusuniformly heated, the tendency is not to put a cross strain on theinterlocking joints, but to cause a more uniformexpansion in theseinterlocking joints. Thus it is possible to put a high temperature inthe ducts and tojhave the surface facing the cell suitable one for theof the retort exposed to the cooling action of the coal or semiformedcoke without imposing severe contraction and expansion strains on therefractory material. The intermediate tiles forming the arch or roof ofthe retort are formed in the same general manner as the intermediatetiles in the Walls. As the roof is supported bythe side and intermediatewalls, the tiles of the roof have a keying effect owing to the Weightand ressure transmitted from the arches to eac 1 set of ducts in thewalls. By the provision of the expansion joints interlocking and held'together as above described the bad effects of unequal expansion aredone away with.

While the apparatus above described is a purposes set forth, it

Will be apparent that the retort is susceptible of modification Withoutdeparting from the principle of my invention.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:

1. A coke oven comprising in combinationa substantially horizontalclosed retort divided into a plurality of sections by intermediate Wallsof relatively light construction extending longitudinally through theCopies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by adressingthe Washington, D. C.

retort, means for feeding portions of carboniferous materialsimultaneously to each ofthe' several sections of the retort, means forconveying the material forwardly in each of the several sections in theretort dursimultaneously, and means for compressing simultaneously andequally the material in each of the several sections in the retortduring the coking period.

2. A cokeoven comprising in combination a substantially horizontalclosed retort having comparatively heavy side Walls, intermediate Wallsof relatively light construction extending longitudinaly through theretort and dividing the retort into a vplurality of sections, the sideand intermediate Walls being provided With heating ducts, means forfeeding portions of the material simultaneously 4to each of the sectionsof l the retort, means for conveying the material forwardly in each ofthe several sections of the retort simultaneously, and means forcompressing simultaneously and equally the material in each of theseveral sections of the retort during the coking period.

- LELAND L. SUMMERS. y Witnesses:

CARL E. J oRGENsEN, ETHEL E. SLATER.

Commissioner of Patents,

